An open-pit coal mine is a huge hole in the ground with terraces along which earth-moving vehicles excavate seams. It looks a bit like a sports stadium. The largest open-pit mines are several kilometers long and hundreds of meters deep. First of all, the layer of earth – overburden – above the first coal seam has to be removed.

According to the flow chart, an initial ultimate pit is optimized by the original unit costs (without ecological costs). The original unit costs are 1.79 US$/t and 2.39 US$/m 3, respectively, for coal mining and rock removal.The initial ultimate pit is obtained in traditional way, which takes the maximum economic benefit as the objective function …

Open-pit mining technology. Open-pit mining clearly offers a number of economic advantages over underground mining, especially now that mineral-processing technology has advanced to the stage where very low-grade ores can be treated profitably. 100 to 150 years ago, this was not the case, and mining was still much more selective.

Highwall mining is a method that involves using a continuous highwall miner system (CHM) to extract coal from the remaining coal seams, which has proven to be an effective and safe method for extracting coal after open-pit mining. However, application cases globally have shown that the feasibility of highwall mining in open-pit coal mines …

A large-scale end wall landslide occurred on August 7–20, 2020, in the Manglai open-pit coal mine, China. ... groundwater level burial depth, water inflow, landslide process and testing of ...

A clear understanding of landslide mechanisms and stability analyses is of great significance for landslide monitoring, prediction, and control. A large-scale end wall landslide occurred and its area reached 47,752 m2 on August 7–20, 2020, in the Manglai open-pit coal mine, China. In this paper, the engineering geological survey, mechanical …

the landslides at the Shengli open-pit coal mine (Zhang et al., 2010), Fuxin Haizhou open-pit coal mine (He et al., 2011), and the Fushun West open-pit coal mine (Nie et al., 2017) are typical examples of the instability and failure of open-pit coal mine slopes. These examples indicate that rainfall is the most

in coal mining. The study on LULC in coal mining areas [11] examines the impact of coal mining on LULC at the V. D. Yalevsky coal mine in Russia from 1992 to 2019. This study aims to develop a deep learning approach for monitoring annual change in surface coal mines using a U-Net architecture and both multispectral and SAR imagery. 1.2 Related …

Open pit mining method is one of the surface mining methods that has a traditional cone-shaped excavation and is usually employed to exploit a near-surface, nonselective and low-grade zones deposits. It often results in high productivity and requires large capital investments, low operating costs, and good safety conditions. The main …

The intelligent construction of open-pit coal mines is still in its initial stage. The automation of equipment, design, and management information does not meet the requirements of intelligent mining. Therefore, the intelligent transformation, upgrading, and development of open-pit coal mines is an urgent and difficult task.

Open-Pit Mining. This is the most common and it is exactly as the name suggests – there's usually a big hole, or a pit in the ground, which is created by drilling and blasting with explosives. This process is used to mine sand, rock, and gravel. ... Mountaintop mining – this mining process is a great option for coal mining, and in this ...

Coal resources have always been in a very important position in the structure of nonrenewable energy in the world [1,2].China is the main coal energy consumer in the word and coal mining has made great contributions to local economic development for years [].According to the statistics, seventy-five percent of the added value of global …

Open-pit mining is practical when the ore-bodies of the rock are large and located closer to the surface. Advantages of open-pit mining include: Powerful trucks and shovels can be used to move large volumes of rock. …

Coal mining has driven the local economy, but it has also seriously damaged local production and the living environment [1,2].The environmental damage caused by large-scale, open-pit coal mining is …

Open-pit mining refers to the process of extracting metallic and nonmetallic ores directly from the surface after removing the overlying vegetation, topsoil, and rocks. It uses a series of level ...

Vegetation and soil restoration are the key to ecological reconstruction in the damaged areas of open-pit coal mining areas. Ecological stability is an important indicator of the degree of ecological restoration. In this study, the ecological stability and the process of plant and soil restoration w …

The Chenbaerhuqi coal field in Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, is where the Baorixile open-pit coal mine is situated (as shown in Fig. 2) 7,28.The mine's external ...

The proposed mining process to extract the coal resource will be through the surface mining method. Open-pit mining, also known as opencast mining, is a surface mining ... technique that extracts coal resource from an open pit in the ground. Open-pit mining is . 3 the most common method used throughout the world for mineral mining and does not

The 5 Lifecycle Stages of Mining. 1. Exploration & Prospecting Stage. This is the first and most essential step of the mining process: in order to open a mine, companies must first find an economically sufficient amount of the deposit (an amount of ore or mineral that makes exploitation worthwhile.) Geologists are enlisted by the companies to ...

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface. To create an open-pit mine, the miners must determine the location of the ore. This is done …

Open pit mining is defined as the method of extracting any near surface ore. deposit using one or more horizontal benches to extract the ore while dumping. overburden and tailings (waste) at a ...

Open-pit mining. Some 53% of South Africa's coal is produced from surface mining, via open-cast or open-pit mines. This is because the coal is less than 60 metres below the surface. Open-pit mines use draglines, …

Open-pit mining, also known as opencast mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts minerals from an open pit in the ground. Open-pit mining is the most common method used throughout the world for mineral mining and does not require extractive methods or tunnels. This surface mining technique is used when mineral or ore deposits …

Expanding open-pit mining towards larger mining scales and greater stripping depths increases the potential risks of landslides on high and steep …

Conventionally, mining industry relies on a deterministic view, where a unique mine plan is determined based on a single resource model. A major shortfall of this approach is the inability to assess the risk caused by the well-known geological uncertainty, i.e. the in situ grade and tonnage variability of the mineral deposit. Despite some recent …

A semicontinuous process system consisting of a single-bucket excavator, truck, crushing station, and belt conveyor is the main coal mining process system of a large-scale hard coal open-pit mine. Through analyzing the coal mining production process, the key issues of coal mining truck flow optimization are obtained. Statistical …

The field test data for mining and loading spray dust suppression in open-pit coal mines revealed that the dust suppression efficiency of whole dust and respirable dust was greater than 85.70%, which indicates that the compound dust suppressant can effectively suppress the dust of burnt rock, and effectively improve the working environment ...

The primary methods used to extract minerals from the ground are: Underground miningSurface (open pit) miningPlacer mining The location and shape of the deposit, strength of the rock, ore grade, mining costs, and current market price of the commodity are some of the determining factors for selecting which mining method to use.Higher …

Open-pit coal mining often involves dividing the mining areas into multiple horizontal layers, which results in a stepped spatial configuration that facilitates sequential extraction from top to bottom and, consequently, the generation of expansive mining faces and steeper excavation slopes (Li and Zhang 2021).This combination, together with the …

During the open pit coal mining process, coal-bearing debris and the fragmented coal from the un-recovered TCS are poured into the waste-dump inside or outside the mining pits. The accumulated coal-bearing debris will be spontaneously combusted after reaching certain temperature and other combustion conditions …