Activated carbon (AC) was modified by tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) for selectively extracting scandium from red mud and characterized by BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area. The modified AC had a preferential adsorption to scandium. The influences of adsorbent dosage, adsorption temperature, and time on adsorption …

Show abstract. ... The methods for titanium and scandium extraction from the aqueous solution consist of solvent extraction, ion exchange (Korovin and Shestak, 2009;Van Nguyen et al., 2016;Li et ...

Zhu et al. (2020a Zhu et al. (, 2020b proposed a novel acid leaching-solvent X. Pan et al. extraction process to recover scandium from RM, and the extraction efficiency in HCl solution is >98 % ...

Scandium is present in titanium dioxide feedstock (ilmenite, titania slags, etc.) and usually reports to process solutions and effluents either at the feedstock producer site or at the end user site (TiO2 pigment or Ti metal plant). In this paper, we report on the refining of scandium from such solutions by solvent extraction.

An innovative process for extracting scandium from nickeliferous laterite ore: Carbothermic reduction followed by NaOH cracking @article{Kim2020AnIP, title={An innovative process for extracting scandium from nickeliferous laterite ore: Carbothermic reduction followed by NaOH cracking}, author={Jihye Kim and Gisele Azimi}, journal ...

The traditional process for extraction of scandium from bauxite residue is direct acid leaching, followed by solvent extraction or ion exchange adsorption (Liu et al., 2019, Borra et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2016, Roosen et al., 2016). But a lot of other elements, such as Fe, Si, Al, Ti, etc., can be leached along with scandium during acid ...

The recovery of scandium (Sc) from wastes and various resources using solvent extraction (SX) was discussed in detail. Moreover, the metallurgical extractive procedures for Sc recovery were presented. ... Different operational parameters play an important role in the extraction process, such as the type of the aqueous phase and its …

In this study, a two-stage pyro-hydrometallurgical process was investigated to extract scandium from a laterite ore. The first stage of the process involves carbothermic reduction in which iron, nickel, and cobalt contents of the ore are reduced with carbon at 1400–1600 °C and separated as a metallic phase.

Scandium is one of the most valuable rare-earth elements, and its extraction is centralized in China. For this reason, the search for new scandium sources is required to supply the demand. Bauxite residue is considered a secondary scandium resource. It has estimated around 4 billion tons of bauxite residue worldwide with 20–200 …

The scandium concentrate was generated from titanium white waste acid by extraction in a factory. The effects of the acidity, salting-out agent, extraction time, A/O ratio, initial cationic concentration, and reusability of TRPO on Sc extraction were studied. The extraction mechanism was also analyzed by FT-IR and slope analysis method.

A method of extracting scandium from a scandium-containing titanium ore by chlorination roasting-leaching was reported by Xiao et al. 21 The leaching efficiency of 83.39%–83.47% was reported under the ... Fig. 2 (blue box) gives the pre-enrichment process of scandium by beneficiation. In addition, the distribution features are ...

Ross and Rosenbaum (1962) reported a solvent extraction process with primary amine such as Primene JMT as extractant for scandium recovery from uranium mill waste solutions. Scandium was almost quantitatively extracted from the waste solution containing 0.6 mg/L Sc in a small scale pilot plant operation with 2.5% Primene JMT in kerosene at …

With the advancement of technology and a global shift towards clean energy, the need for rare earth metals is increasing. Scandium, a rare earth metal, has been extensively used over the decades in solid oxide fuel cells and aluminum–scandium alloys that have a vast, evolving market in aerospace, automobiles and 3D . …

Scandium can be extracted from silicates by hydrometallurgical process at normal pressure and temperature with pretreatment by sulfuric acid curing. Sulfuric acid dosage with 0.75 times of the theoretical amount, curing time of 15 h, curing temperature of 200 °C, pulp density for L/S ratios of 30:1, leaching temperature of 75 °C and stirring ...

Abstract. The technologies of solvent extraction, ion exchange, and liquid membrane for the separation and purification of scandium are reviewed. Acidic and …

HPAL process offers a high extraction level of scandium and a quick process. In addition, it can reduce the dissolution of silica, which can lead to the formation of silica gel during the leaching process. Besides, the solubility of main impurities, such as iron, aluminium, and titanium, can also be reduced due to the hydrolysis of their ions ...

A process patented by Baptiste (1959) describes scandium extraction by fractionation sublimation in chloride medium, to obtain ScCl 3. The process consists …

The recovery of scandium (Sc) from wastes and various resources using solvent extraction (SX) was discussed in detail. Moreover, the metallurgical extractive procedures for Sc recovery were presented. …

The scandium in the ltrate after the recovery of titanium can be nely extracted with P507, and 99.79% scandium can be extracted by single-stage extraction under the P507 concentration of 15%, the phase ratio (O/A) of 1:13, and extraction time of 6 min. In addition, the process of extracting scandium with P507 is an exother-

The process consists of the following steps: scandium concentrating by classification or neutralization, selective scandium leaching, impurity removal by neutralization, solvent extraction of scandium by using D2EHPA, purification, and roasting. We optimized the above steps to achieve an effective process to obtain …

In this study, a roasting-hydrolysis-acid leaching process is used to extract scandium from the scandium rough concentrate. The scandium rough concentrate containing Sc 2 O 3 of 76.98 g/t was …

The process consists of the following steps: scandium concentrating by classification or neutralization, selective scandium leaching, impurity removal by …

It was determined that for 2.0 mol L-1 Na 2 CO 3 leaching solution ultrasonic treatment under gas (CO 2) carbonation conditions in the pH range of 9.5-10.0 allows reducing the scandium leaching time by two times and reaching 40-45% scandium extraction. Leaching of RM in carbonate/bicarbonate media is accompanied by …

In this review, we summarizes the typical methods of extracting scandium include solvent extraction, ion exchange, solid phase material adsorption, etc., and …

The leaching experiment carried out at this optimum condition resulted in scandium extraction of 90.97% and co-extracted iron and aluminium of 32.44% and 75.23%, respectively.

The extraction chemistry of scandium, including thermodynamics and kinetics, is the basis for the development of scandium extraction and separation …

A novel process of roasting and leaching was proposed to extract scandium from scandium concentrate with titanium dioxide wastewater. Scandium concentrate …

Rio Tinto develops method of extracting scandium from waste. Rio Tinto says that scientists at the company's technology centre in Sorel-Tracy, Quebec, Canada, have found a way to extract and purify scandium — a rare and useful metallic element — from titanium dioxide production waste. The United States, Canada, Australia and the …

The process of recovering rare earth elements typically consists of three important steps that begin with the solid waste or ores: (1) acid leaching (convert the …

In the process of alumina production, more than 98% of scandium oxide in bauxite will enter the red mud, and the content of scandium oxide in some red mud can reach up to 0.02% (Wang et al. …