An iron ore sintering process takes more than two hours. A set of raw-material parameters is selected before the process begins. The operating parameters, on the other hand, are collected during the process at different places along the sintering machine and at different times. A method called time series registration was used in this …

The sintering process is an extremely complex industrial scene. As the main process of the blast furnace ironmaking industry, it has great economic value and …

Transient liquid phase sintering. In a compact that contains only iron powder particles, the solid state sintering process would generate some shrinkage of the compact as the sintering necks grow. However, a common practice with ferrous PM materials is to make an addition of fine copper powder to create a transient liquid phase during sintering.

Iron ore sintering is a pretreatment step of smelting that agglomerates the iron ore using surface melting of green pellets to improve the quality of the steel product. The sintering process not only improves the quality of steel products, but also releases CO and CO2 gases, evaporates moisture, and improves the reducibility of iron ore to …

The iron ore sintering process commonly employs anthracite and coke as fuels, and the volatile matter is commonly<10%. Initially, we considered that the volatile matter of the fuel was closely related to the emissions of VOCs and investigated the effect of coal type on VOC emissions by sintering cup experiments [17].

Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. In this chapter, the sintering process is first …

The iron ore sintering process is the main source of VOCs emission in the iron and steel industry, and its VOCs emission accounts for about 69.6% . The organic compounds in the solid fuel and the oil components from the raw materials such as rolling oily sludge are pyrolyzed in the preheating layer (150–900 °C) to produce VOCs [ 9, 10 ].

In the sintering process particles can be combined to form larger solid materials with desired shapes. Sintering process allows for better control over material formation and enhanced mechanical ...

Sintering is a process that consists in the thermal agglomeration of a mixture of fines that comprise iron ore, recycled iron and steelmaking products, slag …

ABSTRACT Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke). The purpose of the sintering process is manufacturing a product with the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical) to be fed to the …

Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. …

This paper specifies the mathematical and physical modelling of the iron sintering process in laboratory conditions. The aim is to get the simplest approach (using thermodynamic software "HSC Chemistry", version 9, Outokumpu Research Oy, Pori, Finland) that allows one to predict the output parameters based on the initial composition …

Iron ore sintering involves the movement of a flame front down a particulate bed, and a series of physico-chemical reactions over a large temperature range. In the literature simple and more ...

Sintering is a broad family of methods that forms integral and potentially highly complex parts from a wide range of materials, by compressing and then fusing powders and binders. The part goes through two stages. The first stage makes the required shape a weak and poorly integrated, oversize component. The second stage bakes that …

Iron ore sintering is a material preparation process employed worldwide in the production of iron and steel. According to statistical data on pollution, sintering plants rank second in terms of toxic emissions, after the incineration of municipal solid waste (Menad et al., 2006; Remus et al., 2013 ). Of the eight CORINAIR (Core Inventory of Air ...

Similarly, in iron ore sintering process the heat utilization efficiency will reach to the maximum when the HTFS is equal to FFS. Here we employed the η, introduced in Section 2, to characterize the heat utilization efficiency (matching performance of HTFS and FFS ) in iron ore sintering process.

Iron ore sintering involves various physical and chemical phenomena such as heat and mass transfer, combustion, melting, solidification, evaporation and condensation. Traditionally, coke breeze is the main heat supplier for the iron ore sintering process. The detailed process is described in the published paper (Zhao et al., 2015).

The sinter plant that converts the iron ore fines into a desirable blast furnace feed, offers an avenue for recycling wastes. One of the several wastes that are produced at an iron and steel plant is the undersized pellet fines, which cannot be directly used in iron making. The present study evaluated the influence of these pellet fines on the sintering …

Abstract. In iron making process, sintering of iron ore fines is an integral step to utilize not only the ore fines but also to introduce a part of flux (limestone and dolomite) along with the sinter in blast furnace burden. In this way, the productivity of the furnace considerably improves. In this paper, some fundamental aspects such as the ...

Mathematical modelling of iron ore sintering process using genetic algorithm B. K. Giri and G. G. Roy* A mathematical model of the iron ore sintering process in a fixed sinter bed and optimisation of the process parameters using real valued genetic algorithm is described. The mathematical model is formulated based on mass and energy balances …

During sintering process, iron ore fines, recycled iron-bearing materials (dusts and slags), fluxes (dolomite, limestone, etc.), and fossil fuels, such as coke breeze and anthracite, are thoroughly mixed and agglomerated into lump-like sinter under about 1300 °C provided by the combustion of fossil fuels [10].

sintering, the welding together of small particles of metal by applying heat below the melting point. The process may be used in steel manufacturing—to form complex shapes, to produce alloys, or to work in metals with very high melting points. In a steel-sintering plant a bed of powdered iron ore, mixed with coke or anthracite, is ignited by ...

The iron ore sintering process has the capability to handle and utilize complex raw materials, allowing for the reasonable utilization of zinc extraction residue. The addition of zinc extractant has been found to improve the sintering index, metallurgical properties, and gaseous pollutant emissions without significant negative effects. ...

Ironmaking & Steelmaking. Flue gas recirculation (FGR) has been incorporated into the sintering process with the aim of improving productivity while fulfilling tightened environmental regulations. The incorporation of FGR inevitably requires changes in the process equipment as well as incoming and outgoing gas conditions such as …

Abstract. Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Owing to the depleting reserves of traditional high grade iron ore, there have been considerable changes in iron ore resources available throughout the world, especially in steel mills in East Asia.

The sintering process can be defined as a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke) with the objective of obtaining a product with the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical) to be fed to the …

Magnesia–calcia refractories are widely used in the production process of clean steel due to their excellent high-temperature stability, slag resistance and ability to purify molten steel. However, there are still problems such as difficult sintering and easy hydration. Magnesia–calcia materials with various calcium oxide contents were prepared …

The iron ore sintering process includes proportioning, mixing and granulating, feeding, igniting, sintering with ventilation, crushing, cooling and screening phases (Du et al., 2020, Hu et al., 2018). The operators are most concerned with the combustion process on the sinter strand, as shown in Fig. 1.

During the iron ore sintering process, the resistance in the high-temperature zone is the most critical factor affecting the resistance of the sintering bed, as a lot of molten liquid phases are generated in the high-temperature zone. At higher Brown gas injection concentrations, the high-temperature zone is enlarged, the DTMT is extended, …

1. Introduction. A sintering process produces sinters with an appropriate composition and mechanical strength, which directly influence the components of molten iron and thus the quality of the iron product [11].One of the most important parameters for the sintering process is the burn-through point (BTP), which is the position on a pallet …