Keywords: shape memory alloy, SMA, actuator, high-speed, high-voltage, energy-efficiency (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal) 1. Introduction Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are known for their high energy density which allows for the construction of compact and light-weight actuator systems [1–7].

To accomplish this purpose, Mg alloy AZ31 was subjected to HSR with various reductions ranging from 20% to 80% at a high rolling speed of 470 m/min and 400 °C, and then, twinning activation, DRX behavior, grain structure, internal strain, and developed texture of the HSRed alloy were systematically analyzed.

Aluminium Bahrain has developed in-house an alloy called "ALBA HIGH SPEED 6063.10", which is a variant of alloy AA 6063. The driving force behind this has been the ever standing requirement of extruders to attain progressively higher extrusion speeds, thereby boosting productivity.

Titanium and its alloys are considered as hard-to-cut substances based on [13, 17,18,19,20,21]: (1) the low modulus of elasticity; (2) the high temperature strength; (3) a small contact region is generated which results in the high stress on the cutting tool edges; (4) the poor thermal conductivity; and (5) high chemical affinity of titanium to the tools …

The macroscopic morphologies of the studied alloy after quasi-static compression and high-speed impact are shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6. Under quasi-static compression, slight cracks are observed at the edge of the 0° and 90° samples with a true strain of 1.10. Under high-speed impact, cracks become evident at the edge of the free …

High speed steels (HSS) are a class of high alloy steels with significant amounts of W, Mo, Co, V, and Cr in addition to Fe and C. Extensive solid solution alloying of these …

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These are sometimes referred to as tungsten high speed steel. In some cases, high speed steel refers specifically to the molybdenum series of HSS. These alloys have between 3.75% and 10.5% molybdenum and 10% or less tungsten. Tungsten high speed steels have at least 12.38% tungsten and 1% or less molybdenum (T1 has no …

High-speed steels (HSSs) are frequently utilized as cutting tools and wear-resistant components for a variety of applications because of their exceptional hot …

High speed machining of the titanium alloys is an interesting subject because of the uniqueness of this cutting process. It is generally believed that the deformation energy used during the metal cutting is transformed into heat energy near the cutting edge of the tool [8], [12].

Download AnkerMake Studio to experience the new speed with a lower possibility of clogs while . Precise 0.1 mm Detail: Get precise prints thanks to a new ultra-direct extruder and integrated die-cast aluminum alloy structure. We never compromise on stability or quality—even when at high speed.

In this study, high-speed rolling is conducted on Mg–xAl–3Sn (x = 0, 3, 6) alloys with different reductions (20%, 40%, 60%, and 70%), at a high speed of 1100 m/min and a high temperature of 400 °C.This process imposes a considerable reduction in a single pass. Results indicate that twinning is the primary deformation mechanism, and …

This paper investigates high speed end milling of titanium alloy (Ti–6% Al–4% V) using carbide insert based end mill cutter. Effects of cutting forces during high speed machining of titanium alloys have got higher attention in selecting the optimal cutting conditions to improve the production and tool life. Due to Titanium alloy's low ...

In this study, the high-speed impact behavior and microstructure evolution of an extruded Mg-7Sn-5Zn-3Al alloy were investigated under different strain rates (1626-4126 s−1) using a Split Hopkinson pressure bar. The experimental results indicated that the number of twins and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) increased, while …

High-Speed Steel: Properties, Types, Grades and Usage. High-Speed Steel (HSS) is a composition metal. High-Speed Steel is made with Iron (Fe) as the base metal and the …

M2 high-speed steel (W6Mo5Cr4V2) are MC, M2C, and M6C [16,17], whereas M6C, MC, M7C3, and M23C6 are the main carbides in M42 high-speed steel …

The actuation speed of the SMA would increase significantly as it gets smaller. For example, Lee et al. reported an actuation speed of up to 1.6 kHz when the thickness of the SMA element was reduced to near 1 µm; this is a few orders of magnitude faster than the speeds generally associated with SMA actuators.

Increased welding speeds are often used to achieve high welding efficiency. However, welding defects, including pores and humps, can easily be formed under high-speed welding conditions. Therefore, a numerical calculation method is proposed to analyze the molten pool dynamic behaviors during high-speed oscillation laser welding …

In the present work, ballistic penetration into Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy by a spherical projectile is investigated with impact experiments along with high-speed photography, postmortem characterization, FEM modeling and theoretical analysis. The incident velocity ranges from 80 m s −1 to 2200 m s −1.

In this work, experiments on the extreme high-speed laser cladding of chrome-iron alloy were conducted, and the impact of various process factors on the extreme high-speed laser single-pass coating was analyzed. A numerical model of the thermal coupling of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding was established based on the …

For both alloys the higher the cutting speed, the shorter the tool life. This trend was expected as increased cutting speed generally produces. Conclusions • Benchmarking trials established alloy Ti–45Al–8Nb–0.2C as providing a ∼25% increase in tool life based on a maximum flank wear criteria of 300 μm.

1. Introduction. Aluminum alloy is widely used in the manufacture of aerospace, vehicles and ships due to its advantages of low density and high strength [1], [2].The welding technology has become one of the key factors to assemble large structures of aluminum alloy [3], [4]pared with laser welding, friction stir welding (FSW) and …

The perforation behavior of 2-mm thick CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy plates is investigated via ballistic impact experiments using spherical stainless steel 304 projectiles with high-speed photography at impact velocities ranging from 500 m s −1 to 2213 m s −1.Postmortem target samples are characterized with macro photography, …

A two-dimensional high-speed milling model of aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 is established based on Advantedge; the effects of milling parameters (milling speed, cutting depth) and tool geometric parameters (tool rake angle, tool blunt radius) on milling force and milling temperature are identified through single factor experiment. ...

Advanced extreme high-speed laser cladding (EHLA) technology can realize a metallurgical bonding of copper‑nickel alloy and obtain better surface and structural characteristics. However, because of the high heat conductivity and high reflectivity of copper, copper-alloy coatings prepared by EHLA have defects such as segregation, …

High-speed alloy creation could revolutionize hydrogen's future. Researchers from Sandia National Laboratories and international collaborators used computational approaches, including explainable machine learning models, to elucidate new high-entropy alloys with attractive hydrogen storage properties and direct laboratory …

Comparative analysis of GH3625 nickel alloys using conventional and extreme high-speed laser metal deposition. • Revelation of microstructural evolution in GH3625 alloys influenced by cooling rates. • Evaluation of Nb segregation behavior through application of the Clyne-Kurz model. •

The lowest alloy grades, M50 and M52 high-speed steels, are properly known as intermediate high-speed steels because of their lower alloy contents. The cobalt-bearing …

Hudson Tool Steel compares the qualities and benefits associated with the different types of high speed steel. Hudson Tool Steel. California: 800-996-0411 New Hampshire: 866-557-2874 ... The lowest alloy grades, M50 and M52 high-speed steels, are properly known as intermediate high-speed steels because of their lower alloy contents. The cobalt ...

High speed steel, also known as HSS, is a high alloyed tool steel for cutting tools like taps or milling heads but also tools like saws, lath tools or for cold forming. Tools cutting …