Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate was used to separate Sc (III) and Y (III) from salicylate medium. The best extraction condition was studied and the result showed …

Scandium extraction from its main minerals is di cult due to its rarity, as well as its low concentration in natural deposits (1–800 mg/kg), in addition to the presence of radioactive elements ...

1. Introduction. With the rapid development of science and technology, scandium (Sc) and its compounds have been widely used in various fields such as in new materials, Al Sc alloys, electronics, metal halide lamps, aerospace, transportation industries, catalyst ceramics, and solid oxide fuel cells (Wang et al., 2011).Scandium is a rare …

extractants and their compounds, study of the complex-forming properties of reagents. The goal of this work was to study the extraction patterns and possible separation of …

In the present study, the kinetic study of the solid-liquid reaction (leaching) between two red mud types and the nitric acid solutions was carried out in order to extract scandium from the mud ...

1. Introduction. Sc is classified as a rare earth element due to its similar properties with lanthanides. The abundance of Sc is not low, ranked the 31th in the earth, but the scarcity of independent Sc minerals and the similar properties of Sc with other elements (e.g., zirconium, thorium, titanium, etc.) makes the extraction and purification …

A study involving P204 as an extractant and tributyl phosphate (TBP) as a modifier to recover scandium from HCl-leaching solutions of magnesium, aluminum, and …

In another study, scandium extraction was carried out from tungsten ore residue which contained iron and manganese (Wolframite ore residue) . Prior to ion exchange process, Fe 3+ and Mn 4+ were reduced to divalent form by using reducing agents. Pregnant leach solution was introduced into ion exchange columns after …

Scandium is a rare-earth element. Although it is as abundant in the Earth's crust as lead, it is rarely concentrated. Therefore, it is obtained as a byproduct when mining other metals or from scrap processing of end-of-life products.1,2,3,4,5,6 Scandium is usually recovered using hydrometallurgical processes that include leaching, precipitation, …

The new efficient extraction technologies promise an ensured supply of scandium and a significant drop in cost. Here, scandium concentrate, extracted from leachate after carbonate treatment of red ...

This review demonstrates many outstanding research achievements have been reported in recent years that solvent extraction technology occupies a dominant …

Separation and purification of scandium by solvent extraction and related technologies: a review - Wang - 2011 - Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology …

This bin ary-extractant-impregnated. concept could provide a new way to develop nove l ion-exchange resins for metal separation. Introduction. Recently, scandium has received much attention ...

The main conclusions derived from the results obtained in this study on the extraction of scandium from scandium concentrate with titanium dioxide wastewater are as follows: (1) The present study reinforced that solid waste (Sc concentrate) and hazardous waste acid (titanium dioxide wastewater) can be recovered by a more efficient …

In this study, three methods were used and compared for the selectable extraction of aluminum/ scandium with the least amount of iron in red mud (RM) samples from the Iran alumina plant in Jajarm ...

The present study aimed at the scandium extraction from bauxite residue by H2SO4 and H3PO4 leaching. The use of H2O2 was evaluated to avoid silica gel formation. The effect of time, temperature ...

Solvent extraction of scandium from acidic solutions is most commonly performed with traditional acidic or neutral organophosphorus extractants in organic diluents, although carboxylic acids and ...

Separating scandium (Sc) from complex salt mixtures is accomplished via a process which includes evaporation, dissolution, solvent extraction, precipitation, and calcination. The preferred process steps provide selective separation of Sc and REE (rare earth elements i.e., lanthanides+yttrium) salts from other salt contaminants and enrichment of ...

The efect of the leaching temperature on the extraction of scandium and major elements is shown in Fig. S5. It shows that as the leaching temperature increased from 293 K to 323 K, the leaching ...

The scandium concentrate used in the leaching experiment was obtained from the rare earth ore containing scandium in Yunnan Province, the sample used in experiment is leaching liquid containing ...

Scandium Solvent Extraction. January 2019. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05864-7_174. In book: Light Metals 2019 (pp.1395-1401) Authors: Nigel Jeffrie Ricketts. Altrius Engineering Services. To read the ...

Studies of the solvent extraction of thorium by benzene solutions of thenoyltrifluoroacetone led to the establishment of the existence of aqueous complexation by the chelating agent qn equilibrium constart of 1.5 plus or minus 0.7 was measured for thereaction Th/sup +4/ + HT = ThT/sup +3/ + H/sup +/ where the charged speciel are in the aqueous phase and HT …

This study aims to optimize the extraction efficiency of Sc(III) by dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) and kryptofix 2.2.2 (K 2.2.2) macrocyclic compounds as novel extractants using response surface methodology (RSM). Additionally, it was intended to design a method for recovering Sc from an aqueous model solution using …

Scandium displayed similar trends to Fe, reinforcing the limited observations of the physicochemical similarities between these two elements in seawater. Overall, this study highlights distinct impacts of photochemical processes, scavenging, and biological effects on marine trace metal cycling in an environment characterized by seasonal …

In this study, a two-stage innovative process was developed with an aim to extract scandium from a laterite ore. The first stage involves carbothermic reduction in which the iron is reduced at 1400–1600 °C and separated as a metallic phase, while scandium is enriched in a slag phase. In the second stage of the process, a two-step …

About 95 % of scandium is separated from the complex feedstock prepared from industrial waste bauxite residue, and the selectivity of scandium is more than 200 times higher than that of aluminum. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies are performed, and the experimental data are in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model …

The solvent extraction method for extracting scandium from titanium dioxide waste acid is usually accompanied by co-extraction of titanium. In this paper, the scandium and titanium separation of the Sc(III) and Ti(IV)-loaded organic phase and the recovery of scandium were studied. A new scrubbing agent containing Na3Cit and …

Scandium (Sc) is the lightest of REE. It has atomic number 21, thus being the neighbor of calcium (Ca). Unlike calcium, which is the fifth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, Scandium is scarce, but still more abundant than lead, tin, silver etc. Scandium has the electron configuration [Ar]3s 2 3d 1.This immediately indicates that …

Scandium is primarily deported in dolomite, with lesser quantities in pyrochlore and biotite. The process flowsheet recovers separate niobium, titanium, and scandium products. Scandium is extracted from whole ore hydrochloric acid leach solutions using solvent extraction and is further refined through a re-leach and …

The scandium concentrate used in the leaching experiment was obtained from the rare earth ore containing scandium in Yunnan Province, the sample used in experiment is leaching liquid containing scandium which the content of scandium is 3.6g/t, with complex impurity composition. The main influencing factors of extraction in hydrochloric …