The review article discusses the mining methods and equipment currently used by SM mines in China, as well as the challenges they face, including inadequate management of mining areas and …

The plan and sectional view of the mining method used at this mine ... (2018) Concurrent mining and reclamation for underground coal mining subsidence impacts in China. Int J Coal Sci Technol 5(1):18–35. ... Kellogg, Idaho. In: Underground mining methods handbook, pp 744–748. Google Scholar TERI (2019) Exploration and …

Based on those theories, the conventional mining method (being called as 121 mining method) was established, consisting of excavating two tunnels with a pillar left for mining a working panel.

Abstract. Coal is not only the main fossil fuel in China but also a pollution source. To evaluate the impact of coal production on the environment, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on the mining process of a typical coal mine in China by using the SimaPro 9.0.0 software. The Ecoinvent v3 database was used to provide the …

Generally speaking, the dominant technique for coal extraction in China began to change from blasting mining to mechanized mining from 1960s for an efficient …

Especially after entering the 21st century, China has paid more attention to mining safety, environmental protection, and the continuous implementation of resources development, China's backfill mining method has increasingly improved, and the level of filling equipment has gradually reached the most advanced level worldwide, which …

Percentage of energy consumption in China. Underground mining accounts for about 95% of all coal production in China. At the same time, 44% of coal is extracted from thick seams. Thus, the development of thick coal seams is of great importance for the Chinese economy. At the same time, when developing coal seams, a number of specific issues ...

In situ leaching is widely used in China to leach heavy REEs from ion absorption clays. ... All underground mining methods deal with issues of dust production and radon accumulation. For these reasons, the assessment of controlling exposure to radioactive materials is a critical boundary condition when evaluating the feasibility of a …

Underground mining methods should be primarily selected in order to utilise underground resources optimally. Ground control of excavations, driving of ventilation system, driving new mining panels and preparing underground production plans are directly linked to underground mining method selection (UMMS), the …

Underground Mining Methods Handbook W. A. Hustrulid, Techniques in Underground Mining Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (U.S.),1998 This 800+ page book contains a wealth of information for mining students and industry professionals. It consists of selected material from the out-of-print industry standard, …

Currently, goaf filling mining method mainly includes longwall backfilling mining method (Krupnik et al., 2013; Huang et al., 2011; Guo et al., 2011) and roadway backfilling mining method ...

With the long-term mining of mineral resources, most mining companies which initially adopted OP mining have progressively transformed to underground mining (OP to UG mining), and this transition has resulted in mining environments with extremely unstable rock masses (Fig. 1).In China, mining areas are always initially established …

To evaluate the impact of coal production on the environment, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on the mining process of a typical coal mine in China by using the SimaPro 9.0.0 software ...

We use this for mining platinum. Large scale mechanised mining methods we use include: long-wall mining, where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice, usually by a large machine. sub-level-caving, …

rock slopes (HSRS), we carried out a true-3D numerical simulation study for different underground mining methods, to determine the appropriate mining method. Therefore, this paper, taking Dingxi Mine in China as an example, highlights the advantages of the backfill mining method with a high

The backfill mining method is one of the earliest methods adopted by non-ferrous and precious metal mines because it can maximize the recovery of underground mineral resources and protect the surface …

According to statistics, the mining depth of more than one-third of China's underground metal mines will exceed 1000 m over the next decade, and the maximum …

UNDERGROUND MINING China's output of coal from underground mining amounted to about 700 million tons in 1983, the largest output in the world. Mining methods vary according to the geological structure of a particular coal seam. The longwall method is used most often, however, to mine gently dipping and dipping coal seams.

Yuan et al. [29, 30] conducted the combined drilling method of curtain grouting in underground deep wells, which can significantly reduce the risk of water inrush in deep mining with complex ...

Underground Coal Mining Methods Based on Life Cycle Assessment. Front. Earth Sci. 10:879082. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.879082 ... For a long time, coal mining in China has generally

Underground hard-rock mining accounts for 40 percent of global mining operations but only 12 percent of run-of-mine (ROM) production. 1 Underground mines also tend to be more targeted, more costly, and less productive than open-pit mines. Because the choice of which underground method to deploy is predominantly driven by the …

Large scale underground mining of coal resources in China using longwall mining has resulted in ecological and environment problems, including surface subsidence that is considered serious due to competing interests of prime agricultural lands, food security, and regional economic development. The subsided lands must be rehabilitated …

At present, over 70% of China's coal production is centralized in ecologically fragile regions in western China—a consequence of the depletion of shallow coal resources in the middle east (Fig. 1) [1].The structure of underground aquifers is directly damaged by the intensive mining, with the ratio of groundwater damage to coal mining being …

Mai-duo Shan Coal Mine, with 3.0 Mt/a production capacity, is located in southern part of Lingwu coal field 80 km away from Yinchuan city, China. The longwall mining method was used and the whole ...

An optimization model of underground mining method selection was established on the basis of the unascertained measurement theory. Considering the geologic conditions, technology, economy and safety production, ten main factors influencing the selection of mining method were taken into account, and the …

Because deep underground mining methods are commonly adopted in Chinese coal mines, coupling disasters are frequent in these mines with the coalfield fires becoming increasingly serious. ... Grouting fire prevention and control technology is widely used and effective method in China's coal mines. The traditional grouting material is …

3 Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation Cut & Fill stoping Introduction It is one of the more popular methods used for vein deposits and has recently grown in use. It is an expensive but selective mining method, with low ore loss and dilution.[3] (i.e., allows selective mining and avoid mining of waste or low grade ore). Is relatively expensive ...

For example, it is unsuitable to adopt the overground drilling method for methane confined to the low permeability coal seams and poor integrity of their primary structure in most regions of China. Therefore, before mining, underground pre-drainage is used to minimize the methane content and pressure of coal seam, thus decreasing both …

Mining with backfill has been used extensively in underground metal mines which is an important way to conduct the green and low-carbon mining operation. Backfill technologies can achieve both …

Soft rock Mining Methods. Blast mining. Shortwall mining. Coal Skimming (or Sink and Float) method. Hard rock Mining Methods. Stoping. 1) Room and pillar. 2) Bench and Fill (B & F) stoping. 3) Cut ...