Thus, three artificial intelligence approaches, namely Gaussian process regression (GPR), extreme learning machine (ELM) and backpropagation neural …

The correlation was found sufficiently reliable to enable the determination of an optimum powder factor for surface bench blast in different rock types, maintaining the required blasting results regarding fragmentation. ... Proceedings of the 3rd. Int.Conf. on Stability in Open Conference on Stability in Open Pit Mining, Vancover, B.C. Google ...

mining. P owder factor can be defined as the quan-. tity of explosives (kg) required to break a unit v ol-. ume or tonne (t) of rock [ 2 ]. A number of fac-. tors …

Powder factor is a critical factor in mining and blasting operations for several reasons. Firstly, it directly affects the efficiency of the blasting process. By …

Considering the geological conditions and rock characteristics of the Changjiu Shenshan limestone mining area, a total of four sets of blasting tests were conducted in the 1# and 2# mining areas. Specifically, three sets of blasting tests were carried out in the 1# mining area, while one set of blasting test was conducted in the 2# …

AngloGold Ashanti Iduapriem Limited has been employing three different Powder Factors (PF 0.72, PF 0.88 and PF 0.96) in blasting. Sometimes, the blast product consists of …

Limestone 2.5 to 2.8 156 to 174.7 2,500 to 2,800 ... A higher powder factor seldom will correct this problem; it will merely cause the blocks to be displaced farther. Usually, the best way to al- ... blasting techniques require constant study of the geology to make every effort to advantageously use the geology, or

Shim estimated the rock factor from geologic data, and a sequential indicator simulation technique predicted its 3-D spatial distribution. ... In open-pit mining, blasting operation is one of the ...

Abstract—A long term production planning of limestone quarry is presented to supply consistent quantity and quality of limestone to a cement plant. A case study from Indian cement industry is presented where the cement plant has a captive limestone quarry. The objectives of this study are: (a) to investigate how long the limestone quarry can ...

Study of the Powder Factor in Surface Bench Blasting. December 2015. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15:892-899. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2015.08.142. License. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Authors: Mohamed ...

mining. P owder factor can be defined as the quan-. tity of explosives (kg) required to break a unit v ol-. ume or tonne (t) of rock [ 2 ]. A number of fac-. tors influence blast results, which ...

The unit of powder factor is tonne/kg. For solid blasting it lies in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 tonne/kg. For the cut blasting it lies in the range of 4 to 5 tonne/kg. CLICK ME TO DOWNLOAD THE SHORT …

Blasting is a vital operation in industries such as mining, construction, and quarrying. It involves the use of chemical explosives to break down rocks and other hard materials for various purposes, including the extraction of minerals and the construction of infrastructure [1,2,3,4,5].However, conventional blasting practices have significant …

276 G. Agyei and M. O. Nkrumah 2.1. Empirical-BasedApproaches According to Ashby [10], the powder factor needed for an efficient blast can be determined

Rock blasting is one of the most common and cost-efficient rock excavation techniques in mining and civil engineering projects 3,4.Rock blasting is a prominent mining technique for metal and non ...

Based on observations from several case studies of construction blasting, Tripathy et al. (1999) have concluded that use of powder factor of 0.5 kg/m3 gives minimum ground vibration. It may be noted here that faulty drilling of blastholes could increase the powder factor in a blast and hence the flyrock.

The Kuznetsov equation relates the mean fragment size to the quantity of explosives needed to blast for a given volume of rock. The Kuznetsov equation is (2) k 50 = A ( V Q) 0.8 Q 1 / 6 where k50 is the average fragment in cm, A is a rock factor, V is the rock volume in m 3 broken per hole (burden × spacing × bench height), and Q is the …

Stemming length of 0.91 times of burden generated the optimum fragmen-tation. Mean fragment size was most optimum at powder factor of 1.02 kg/cum. Keywords: Burden, …

bottom charge, powder Factor for limestone quarry at Al Ain El Sukhna – west of Gulf of Suez according to field trial tests. 1. Introduction In surface mining drilling and blasting are the major unit operations and have a big effect on the materials fragmentation, safety and total production cost. Drilling and blasting cost in any

This paper aims to review the various methods for powder factor estimation in both surface bench blasting and underground tunnel operations; to assess of the influence of intact rock properties on …

in this study to estimate ground vibration caused by blasting in Shree Cement Ras Limestone Mine in India. To achieve that aim, 101 blasting datasets with …

Or you can distribute the weight between five people lifting 100 pounds each. Similarly, with a rock blast that you need a 1.0 powder factor with 1000 pounds of explosives for 1000 yd.³ of rock you could have one hole with 1000 pounds of explosives or you could have 10 holes distributed throughout the rod with 100 pounds of explosives.

Where = mean particle size, cm; A = rock factor varying between 0.6 and 22, depending on hardness and structure]; K = powder factor, kg ... The rock data at the lime stone quarry was obtained from the lime stone quarry at Derba and from the geology department. ... (2005). The Swebrec function: linking fragmentation by blasting and …

blast model, with simple methodologies which can be adapted by the mining industry to achieve better blasting results. 1.1 Objectives The goal of the investigation is to develop a result of optimum blast design through some parameters, as type of explosive, explosive quantity, blast pattern and fragmentation.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate effect of blast design parameters such as burden, blast hole length, stemming length, and powder factor on rock fragmentation. The fragment sizes (MFS, K50, m), and maximum fragment size (K95, m) of rock were determined by using the computer software.

in this study to estimate ground vibration caused by blasting in Shree Cement Ras Limestone Mine in India. To achieve that aim, 101 blasting datasets with powder factor, average depth, distance, spacing, burden, charge weight, and stemming length as input parameters were collected from the mine site.

The total quantity of explosive actually loaded in the blast round should also be registered meticulously in order to express the powder factor in terms of kg/ton of limestone broken from the blast rounds. 3.2 Boulder count Total number of separated boulders, which could not be loaded by the loaders/excavators can be counted at the face.

In this study, based on the Changjiu Shenshan limestone aggregate mining project in China, large-scale blasting experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of rock properties and ...

Powder factor can be defined as the quantity of explosives (kg) required to break a unit volume or tonne (t) of rock. The prospect of excavating rocks by blasting is characterized by a specific consumption of explosives. In the past decades, researchers have come up with several precise approaches to predict powder factor or specific …

Variations were produced in key blast design parameters namely burden, spacing and stemming which in turn af-fected other indirect parameters like bench stiffness ratio and powder factor. Due attention was paid to the fact while varying one factor, the other two factors were kept constant. For the first ten blasts, bench height, spacing